a new generation of humans
The first quarter of biology discoveries this year has been mind blowing, and I want to update you on a few developments that move us closer to answering a profound question. Will we be the first generation that may have to choose when to die? To understand why that question is no longer science fiction, we have to go back to the beginning of every human life.
Mar 5, 2026
Design
5 min
The Reset
If I go back in time to when you were an embryo, around day 7, something radical was happening.
You inherited your parents’ DNA.
But you did not inherit their biological age.
During early embryonic development, the epigenetic marks that accumulate over a lifetime are largely erased and rebuilt. Measured biological age drops toward zero.
Nature runs a full system reset at the beginning of every human life.
Age is not permanently welded to the genome.
It can be cleared.
Nature has been running an age reset program since the very first moment of human life.
The Discovery That Changed Biology
In 2006, Shinya Yamanaka, a Japanese researcher, discovered that adult cells could be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state.
Before this discovery, cellular differentiation was considered largely irreversible. A skin cell was thought to be locked in as a skin cell forever.
Yamanaka showed that cell identity is programmable.
That insight fundamentally reshaped regenerative medicine and laid the groundwork for today’s research into partial reprogramming and biological rejuvenation.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this breakthrough.
That moment marked a turning point.
We began to understand that biology behaves less like a static building and more like a programmable system.
More like code.
Complex, layered, self modifying code. But code nonetheless.
And if it is code, it can be edited.
Partial Reprogramming
Early experiments with Yamanaka’s factors revealed a problem.
Fully resetting cells erased their identity completely. Cells reverted to embryonic states and could form tumors.
That was not rejuvenation.
That was biological chaos.
Researchers began exploring a more precise approach known as partial epigenetic reprogramming.
Instead of resetting the entire cell, the idea is to rewind only the epigenetic age while preserving the cell’s identity.
Restore the software without deleting the operating system.
One of the main approaches uses three of the Yamanaka factors:
Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4
Together often referred to as OSK.
These factors appear capable of rolling back epigenetic aging signals while allowing cells to remain the type of cell they already are.
A controlled age reset.
Human Trials
This month, something remarkable happened.
ER-100 entered the chat.
ER-100 uses partial epigenetic reprogramming based on three of the Yamanaka factors: Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4.
The first target is retinal ganglion cells in the eye.
This is one of the first regulated human trials using partial cellular reprogramming technology in living patients.
Read that again.
Human trials.
We are no longer only theorizing about age reset.
We are testing controlled biological rejuvenation in humans.
Aging as a Bug
If biology is code, aging begins to look like a bug.
Cancer risk rises with age because mutations accumulate.
Cardiovascular disease rises because tissues stiffen and repair slows.
Neurodegeneration rises because proteins aggregate and cellular cleanup fails.
Fix the underlying damage, and the disease landscape changes dramatically.
Not because pathogens disappear.
Not because physics stops.
But because aging itself, the dominant driver behind most diseases, is addressed.
Today the majority of mortality is downstream of aging.
Fix aging, and the structure of disease collapses with it.
The Second Order Effects
Above all, you get to enjoy the second and third order effects.
The list is long.
You get decades more with the people you love.
You have time to reinvent your life many times instead of living only one compressed version of it.
You can pursue deep mastery in multiple fields instead of choosing just one path for a single lifetime.
Human life stops being a single arc.
It becomes a sequence of chapters.
The Bridge
The transition into a post aging world will not happen overnight.
It will arrive in phases.
First through therapies that repair specific forms of biological damage.
Then through technologies that restore the information systems inside our cells.
Each generation of interventions extending healthy life long enough to benefit from the next.
Progress building on progress.
Medicine slowly shifting from treating diseases to maintaining the biological system itself.
A moving horizon.
As long as advances continue arriving faster than biological decline accumulates, the horizon keeps shifting forward.
The deadline keeps moving away.
Continuity
Now that you understand the process, you begin to realize something important.
Calling it longevity is fundamentally wrong.
It is about continuity.
Longevity is about stretching time.
Continuity is about removing the forced reset that ends every human life.
For the first time in history, humanity is beginning to understand the mechanism that forces every life to end.
And we are learning how to intervene in that mechanism.
For most of human history, the timeline of life was predetermined.
Childhood.
Adulthood.
A few decades of productivity.
Then decline.
Civilizations, institutions, and expectations were all built around this structure.
Education assumed one career.
Governments assumed generational turnover.
Families assumed that time together was limited.
All of it shaped by a biological clock we could not change.
But if aging becomes maintainable, the clock stops being destiny.
It becomes a variable.
And when something that has governed humanity for millennia suddenly becomes optional, everything downstream begins to shift.
Careers stop being linear.
Learning stops being front loaded.
Relationships are no longer bounded by the same horizon.
The structure of life stretches outward.
The future becomes something individuals can participate in across centuries rather than observing briefly before exiting.
The question humanity asked for thousands of years was simple.
How long do we live?
But that is no longer the interesting question.
The real question is this.
What do we do with the time once the limit disappears?
Science may give us continuity.
What we build with that continuity is up to us.